|
Case Study Series Slides
|
|
|
 |
Early Peripheral Arterial Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
Complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus include accelerated development of atherosclerosis,
increased risk of ischemic cardiovascular (CV) events, and increased prevalence of
peripheral arterial disease (PAD). While PAD is a risk factor for amputation, the more
serious concern is an increased risk for mortality with PAD. Nevertheless, PAD patients
are typically not treated as aggressively for lipid disorders and hypertension as patients with CV disease. |
|
|
|
Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes and Long-term CV Risk Reduction
A worldwide epidemic of obesity is occurring in parallel with a rising prevalence of type
2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolic derangement in the form of increased insulin
resistance or decreased beta-cell function has negative long-term cardiovascular (CV)
consequences. Reducing the severity of hyperglycemia and its associated micro-
and macrovascular complications may be accomplished at an early stage of the disease
through tight glycemic control and optimal CV risk-factor management. |
|
| |
Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria
Microvascular complications, including functional changes in the kidneys, often precede a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetic renal disease risk factors include microalbuminuria (MAlb), hypertension, and poor glycemic control. MAlb, a likely indicator of underlying vascular disease, may be reduced with lifestyle modifications and tight glucose, blood pressure (BP), and lipid control. |
|
| |
Coronary Artery Disease and Nephropathy in T2DM
The relationship between hyperglycemia and risk for end-organ complications mirrors the relationship between cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and CV disease. Progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may be delayed with tight glycemic control. Intensive therapy to reach target glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and lipid levels has demonstrated significant CV risk reductions in patients with T2DM and microalbuminuria. |
|
| |
Progressive Visual Loss in Type 2 Diabetes
Up to 21% of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients have some degree of retinopathy at the time of diagnosis, and the risk of vision loss increases with diabetes duration. Diabetic retinopathy has been linked to elevated coronary artery calcium levels and cardiovascular mortality, suggesting common background pathways for diabetic micro- and macrovascular disease. Intensive multifactorial therapy, including weight loss, glucose control, and lipid modification, has demonstrated improvements in retinopathy. |
|
|
