 |
15 |
 |
| |

Effects of acute BP elevation on the vessel wall
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
16 |
 |
| |

Pathophysiology overview
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
17 |
 |
| |

Pathophysiology of hypertension
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
18 |
 |
| |

The endothelium modulates vascular tone
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
19 |
 |
| |

Proposed vascular pathophysiology of hypertensive urgency
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
20 |
 |
| |

Proposed vascular pathophysiology of hypertensive emergency
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
21 |
 |
| |

Endothelial shear stress
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
22 |
 |
| |

Endothelial mechanoreceptors sense changes in shear stress
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
23 |
 |
| |

Shear stress rapidly activates endothelial signal transduction and gene expression
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
24 |
 |
| |

Definition and example of pulsatile, low, and oscillatory ESS
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
25 |
 |
| |

Implications of low and high shear stress
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
26 |
 |
| |

Perioperative triggers of adverse physiologic states
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
27 |
 |
| |

Proposed mechanisms of perioperative MI
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
28 |
 |
| |

Summary: The pathophysiology of acute hypertensive syndromes
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
29 |
 |
| |

Pathophysiology of acute hypertensive syndromes: A vicious cycle
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
|