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Slide Lecture Programs
2006 Core Curriculum
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Targeting Insulin Resistance for Vascular Protection
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July 31, 2006
Table of Contents - 120 slides
No.
Title
1
Targeting Insulin Resistance for Vascular Protection
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2
Contents
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3
Vascular Consequences of Diabetes and Insulin Resistance
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4
One third of adults with diabetes are undiagnosed
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5
Rising prevalence of diabetes
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6
Parallel epidemics of diabetes and obesity
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7
90% of patients with newly-diagnosed diabetes are overweight or obese
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8
IFG/IGT: Challenge for prevention
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9
"Ticking clock" hypothesis: Glucose abnormalities increase CV risk
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10
DECODE: IGT increases mortality risk
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11
CHD risk appears to begin at low blood glucose levels
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12
Continuum of CV risk: Reason for early intervention in patients with IFG/IGT
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13
Even mild glucose elevations increase mortality in patients undergoing PCI
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14
IGT and undiagnosed DM2 are common in acute MI and stroke
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15
Risk of endothelial dysfunction increases at FG 110-125 mg/dL
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16
Impaired macrovascular reactivity in people at risk for type 2 diabetes
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17
Insulin resistance: Risk factor for CV disease
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18
Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis
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19
Who has insulin resistance?
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20
Insulin resistance is an independent predictor of HF
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21
Insulin resistance increases risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
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22
Development of insulin resistance in obesity-induced inflammation and stress
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23
Visceral obesity
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24
Visceral fat independently predicts mortality
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25
CRP levels show positive correlation with visceral obesity
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26
Shared CV risk between insulin resistance and visceral obesity
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27
Metabolically active molecules link obesity and atherosclerosis
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28
Antiatherogenic effects of adiponectin
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29
Visceral obesity and adiponectin
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30
Inverse relationship between baseline adiponectin level and MI risk
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31
Shared metabolic abnormalities with insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction
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32
PPAR activation and atherosclerosis: A hypothesis
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33
Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors (PPARs)
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34
PPARs: Overview
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35
Beyond fat and glucose: Potential for CV benefits with PPAR-gamma agonists
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36
Obesity induces inflammatory changes in adipose tissue
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37
Macrophage and adipocyte similarities
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38
PPAR signaling pathways influence macrophage gene expression and foam-cell formation
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39
PPAR-gamma agonists improve endothelial vasodilation and decrease inflammation
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40
PPAR-gamma agonists impact inflammatory markers and adiponectin
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41
Added benefit of BP reduction with PPAR-gamma agonists
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42
PPAR-gamma agonists increase collagen content-potentially improving plaque stability
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43
Potential vascular benefits of PPAR activation
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44
CV Risk Reduction, Diabetes Prevention, and TZDs
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45
UKPDS 34: Intensive glucose control and CV protection
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46
DCCT/EDIC: Lower glucose = lower long-term CV risk
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47
DCCT/EDIC: Intensive glucose control reduces long-term CV risk
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48
DCCT/EDIC: Intensive treatment slows renal changes
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49
Vascular effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
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50
TZDs impact carotid IMT
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51
TZD impact on restenosis in type 2 diabetes
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52
TZDs consistently reduce restenosis after coronary stenting in patients with diabetes
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53
Surrogate outcome results driving major TZD Trials
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54
Major TZD outcome trials
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55
Major TZD outcome trials
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56
PROactive: Study design
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57
PROactive: CV history at baseline
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58
PROactive: CV medications at baseline
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59
PROactive: Nonsignificant reduction in primary outcome
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60
PROactive: Significant reduction in secondary outcome
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61
PROactive: Subgroup analysis--Previous MI
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62
PROactive: HF hospitalization and mortality
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63
PROactive vs landmark clinical trials: Comparative benefit in patients with diabetes
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64
PROactive in perspective
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65
Fluid retention after TZD use tends to be peripheral
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66
Managing TZD-related fluid retention
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67
Collecting duct (CD) PPAR-gamma: Potential mechanism for volume expansion
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68
TZDs associated with lower mortality
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69
TZDs in type 2 diabetes and HF
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70
Major TZD outcome trials
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71
DREAM: Background and study objective
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72
RAAS modulation reduces new-onset diabetes
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73
TRIPOD: Treating insulin resistance reduces incidence of type 2 diabetes
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74
TZDs blunt diabetes progression
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75
DREAM: Study design
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76
DREAM: 2 x 2 factorial design
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77
DREAM: Inclusion criteria
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78
DREAM: Key exclusion criteria
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79
DREAM: Baseline characteristics
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80
DREAM: Baseline glucose status
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81
DREAM: Beyond diabetes prevention
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82
DREAM: Substudies
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83
ADOPT: Study objective
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84
ADOPT: Study design
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85
CHICAGO: Study objective
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86
CHICAGO: Study design
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87
Clinical Imperatives When Treating Patients with Diabetes
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88
Diabetes, IFG, IGT: Diagnostic criteria
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89
AHA/ACC/ADA: Multiple risk reduction in diabetes
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90
AACE: Managing diabetes
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91
AHA/ACC secondary prevention guidelines: Diabetes management
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92
DPP: Benefit of diet/exercise or metformin on diabetes prevention in at-risk patients
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93
DPP: Benefit of diet/exercise or metformin on diabetes by race/ethnicity
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94
3-Week diet + exercise yield favorable metabolic changes
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95
3-Week diet + exercise reduce proatherogenic factors
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96
Beyond lifestyle: Aggressive medical therapy in diabetes
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97
Steno-2 supports aggressive multifactorial intervention in type 2 diabetes
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98
Steno-2: Multifactorial intervention on CV outcomes
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99
Steno-2: Better risk factor control with intensive therapy
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100
Steno-2: Effects of multifactorial intervention on microvascular and neuropathic outcomes
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101
Benefits of aggressive LDL-C lowering in diabetes
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102
HPS: Statin beneficial irrespective of baseline lipid level and diabetes status
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103
ASCOT-LLA: Atorvastatin reduces CV events in patients with diabetes and hypertension
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104
MICRO-HOPE, PERSUADE: ACEI reduces CV events in diabetes
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105
TZD + statin: Favorable effects on inflammatory markers and adiponectin
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106
Principle mechanisms of action for oral diabetic agents
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107
Oral antihyperglycemic agents
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108
Beyond glucose lowering: Effects of antidiabetic agents
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109
TZD vs sulfonylurea: Glycemic control over time
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110
TZD + sulfonylurea efficacy in type 2 diabetes
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111
PROactive: Reduced requirement for insulin use
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112
Sulfonylurea + TZD or metformin: Comparison of lipid and renal effects
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113
TZDs and metformin reduce risk of MI
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114
Improving blood glucose control: Potential role of combination therapy
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115
DPP-IV inhibitors
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116
DPP-IV inhibitors, GLP-1 analogs: New classes of antidiabetic agents
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117
AMIGO trials: GLP-1 analog in type 2 diabetes
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118
Managing diabetes as a CHD equivalent: ABCs of coronary prevention
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119
Proatherogenic effects of insulin resistance
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120
Summary: Expanding risk factor control to enhance CV outcomes
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