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Slide Lecture Programs
2006 Core Curriculum
Targeting Insulin Resistance for Vascular Protection
July 31, 2006


Table of Contents - 120 slides

No.  Title
1  Targeting Insulin Resistance for Vascular Protection
2  Contents
3  Vascular Consequences of Diabetes and Insulin Resistance
4  One third of adults with diabetes are undiagnosed
5  Rising prevalence of diabetes
6  Parallel epidemics of diabetes and obesity
7  90% of patients with newly-diagnosed diabetes are overweight or obese
8  IFG/IGT: Challenge for prevention
9  "Ticking clock" hypothesis: Glucose abnormalities increase CV risk
10  DECODE: IGT increases mortality risk
11  CHD risk appears to begin at low blood glucose levels
12  Continuum of CV risk: Reason for early intervention in patients with IFG/IGT
13  Even mild glucose elevations increase mortality in patients undergoing PCI
14  IGT and undiagnosed DM2 are common in acute MI and stroke
15  Risk of endothelial dysfunction increases at FG 110-125 mg/dL
16  Impaired macrovascular reactivity in people at risk for type 2 diabetes
17  Insulin resistance: Risk factor for CV disease
18  Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis
19  Who has insulin resistance?
20  Insulin resistance is an independent predictor of HF
21  Insulin resistance increases risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
22  Development of insulin resistance in obesity-induced inflammation and stress
23  Visceral obesity
24  Visceral fat independently predicts mortality
25  CRP levels show positive correlation with visceral obesity
26  Shared CV risk between insulin resistance and visceral obesity
27  Metabolically active molecules link obesity and atherosclerosis
28  Antiatherogenic effects of adiponectin
29  Visceral obesity and adiponectin
30  Inverse relationship between baseline adiponectin level and MI risk
31  Shared metabolic abnormalities with insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction
32  PPAR activation and atherosclerosis: A hypothesis
33  Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors (PPARs)
34  PPARs: Overview
35  Beyond fat and glucose: Potential for CV benefits with PPAR-gamma agonists
36  Obesity induces inflammatory changes in adipose tissue
37  Macrophage and adipocyte similarities
38  PPAR signaling pathways influence macrophage gene expression and foam-cell formation
39  PPAR-gamma agonists improve endothelial vasodilation and decrease inflammation
40  PPAR-gamma agonists impact inflammatory markers and adiponectin
41  Added benefit of BP reduction with PPAR-gamma agonists
42  PPAR-gamma agonists increase collagen content-potentially improving plaque stability
43  Potential vascular benefits of PPAR activation
44  CV Risk Reduction, Diabetes Prevention, and TZDs
45  UKPDS 34: Intensive glucose control and CV protection
46  DCCT/EDIC: Lower glucose = lower long-term CV risk
47  DCCT/EDIC: Intensive glucose control reduces long-term CV risk
48  DCCT/EDIC: Intensive treatment slows renal changes
49  Vascular effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
50  TZDs impact carotid IMT
51  TZD impact on restenosis in type 2 diabetes
52  TZDs consistently reduce restenosis after coronary stenting in patients with diabetes
53  Surrogate outcome results driving major TZD Trials
54  Major TZD outcome trials
55  Major TZD outcome trials
56  PROactive: Study design
57  PROactive: CV history at baseline
58  PROactive: CV medications at baseline
59  PROactive: Nonsignificant reduction in primary outcome
60  PROactive: Significant reduction in secondary outcome
61  PROactive: Subgroup analysis--Previous MI
62  PROactive: HF hospitalization and mortality
63  PROactive vs landmark clinical trials: Comparative benefit in patients with diabetes
64  PROactive in perspective
65  Fluid retention after TZD use tends to be peripheral
66  Managing TZD-related fluid retention
67  Collecting duct (CD) PPAR-gamma: Potential mechanism for volume expansion
68  TZDs associated with lower mortality
69  TZDs in type 2 diabetes and HF
70  Major TZD outcome trials
71  DREAM: Background and study objective
72  RAAS modulation reduces new-onset diabetes
73  TRIPOD: Treating insulin resistance reduces incidence of type 2 diabetes
74  TZDs blunt diabetes progression
75  DREAM: Study design
76  DREAM: 2 x 2 factorial design
77  DREAM: Inclusion criteria
78  DREAM: Key exclusion criteria
79  DREAM: Baseline characteristics
80  DREAM: Baseline glucose status
81  DREAM: Beyond diabetes prevention
82  DREAM: Substudies
83  ADOPT: Study objective
84  ADOPT: Study design
85  CHICAGO: Study objective
86  CHICAGO: Study design
87  Clinical Imperatives When Treating Patients with Diabetes
88  Diabetes, IFG, IGT: Diagnostic criteria
89  AHA/ACC/ADA: Multiple risk reduction in diabetes
90  AACE: Managing diabetes
91  AHA/ACC secondary prevention guidelines: Diabetes management
92  DPP: Benefit of diet/exercise or metformin on diabetes prevention in at-risk patients
93  DPP: Benefit of diet/exercise or metformin on diabetes by race/ethnicity
94  3-Week diet + exercise yield favorable metabolic changes
95  3-Week diet + exercise reduce proatherogenic factors
96  Beyond lifestyle: Aggressive medical therapy in diabetes
97  Steno-2 supports aggressive multifactorial intervention in type 2 diabetes
98  Steno-2: Multifactorial intervention on CV outcomes
99  Steno-2: Better risk factor control with intensive therapy
100  Steno-2: Effects of multifactorial intervention on microvascular and neuropathic outcomes
101  Benefits of aggressive LDL-C lowering in diabetes
102  HPS: Statin beneficial irrespective of baseline lipid level and diabetes status
103  ASCOT-LLA: Atorvastatin reduces CV events in patients with diabetes and hypertension
104  MICRO-HOPE, PERSUADE: ACEI reduces CV events in diabetes
105  TZD + statin: Favorable effects on inflammatory markers and adiponectin
106  Principle mechanisms of action for oral diabetic agents
107  Oral antihyperglycemic agents
108  Beyond glucose lowering: Effects of antidiabetic agents
109  TZD vs sulfonylurea: Glycemic control over time
110  TZD + sulfonylurea efficacy in type 2 diabetes
111  PROactive: Reduced requirement for insulin use
112  Sulfonylurea + TZD or metformin: Comparison of lipid and renal effects
113  TZDs and metformin reduce risk of MI
114  Improving blood glucose control: Potential role of combination therapy
115  DPP-IV inhibitors
116  DPP-IV inhibitors, GLP-1 analogs: New classes of antidiabetic agents
117  AMIGO trials: GLP-1 analog in type 2 diabetes
118  Managing diabetes as a CHD equivalent: ABCs of coronary prevention
119  Proatherogenic effects of insulin resistance
120  Summary: Expanding risk factor control to enhance CV outcomes



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